Evaluation Climate Variability Modes CMIP6

28 figures · 1980–2014

CMIP6 Multi-Model Mean Context

Comparison with CMIP6 ensemble mean from 11 members.

Contributing models: ACCESS-ESM1-5, AWI-CM-1-1-MR, CNRM-CM6-1, CNRM-ESM2-1, EC-Earth3, FGOALS-g3, GISS-E2-1-G, INM-CM5-0, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, MRI-ESM2-0

Arctic Oscillation — Spatial Pattern

Arctic Oscillation — Spatial Pattern
Variables psl
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Variance Explained: 0.21
IFS-NEMO-ER Variance Explained: 0.22
ICON-ESM-ER Variance Explained: 0.15
ERA5 Variance Explained: 0.20

Arctic Oscillation — Seasonal Variance Profile

Arctic Oscillation — Seasonal Variance Profile
Variables psl
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Peak Month: 1.00 · Peak Std: 1.64 · Annual Std: 1.00
IFS-NEMO-ER Peak Month: 1.00 · Peak Std: 1.64 · Annual Std: 1.00
ICON-ESM-ER Peak Month: 4.00 · Peak Std: 1.25 · Annual Std: 1.00

Arctic Oscillation — Power Spectrum

Arctic Oscillation — Power Spectrum
Variables psl
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1980–2014

Arctic Oscillation — Index Time Series

Arctic Oscillation — Index Time Series
Variables psl
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Std: 1.00 · Mean: 0.00
IFS-NEMO-ER Std: 1.00 · Mean: 0.00
ICON-ESM-ER Std: 1.00 · Mean: 0.00

ENSO (Nino 3.4) — Spatial Pattern

ENSO (Nino 3.4) — Spatial Pattern
Variables tos
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ESA_CCI
Units K
Period 1980–2014

ENSO (Nino 3.4) — Seasonal Variance Profile

ENSO (Nino 3.4) — Seasonal Variance Profile
Variables tos
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ESA_CCI
Units K
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Peak Month: 1.00 · Peak Std: 1.15 · Annual Std: 0.93
IFS-NEMO-ER Peak Month: 1.00 · Peak Std: 0.81 · Annual Std: 0.67
ICON-ESM-ER Peak Month: 5.00 · Peak Std: 0.54 · Annual Std: 0.46

ENSO (Nino 3.4) — Power Spectrum

ENSO (Nino 3.4) — Power Spectrum
Variables tos
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ESA_CCI
Units K
Period 1980–2014

ENSO (Nino 3.4) — Index Time Series

ENSO (Nino 3.4) — Index Time Series
Variables tos
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ESA_CCI
Units K
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Std: 0.93 · Mean: -0.00
IFS-NEMO-ER Std: 0.67 · Mean: 0.00
ICON-ESM-ER Std: 0.46 · Mean: 0.00

Indian Ocean Dipole — Spatial Pattern

Indian Ocean Dipole — Spatial Pattern
Variables tos
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ESA_CCI
Units K
Period 1980–2014

Indian Ocean Dipole — Seasonal Variance Profile

Indian Ocean Dipole — Seasonal Variance Profile
Variables tos
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ESA_CCI
Units K
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Peak Month: 9.00 · Peak Std: 0.73 · Annual Std: 0.50
IFS-NEMO-ER Peak Month: 9.00 · Peak Std: 1.04 · Annual Std: 0.57
ICON-ESM-ER Peak Month: 10.00 · Peak Std: 0.58 · Annual Std: 0.41

Indian Ocean Dipole — Power Spectrum

Indian Ocean Dipole — Power Spectrum
Variables tos
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ESA_CCI
Units K
Period 1980–2014

Indian Ocean Dipole — Index Time Series

Indian Ocean Dipole — Index Time Series
Variables tos
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ESA_CCI
Units K
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Std: 0.50 · Mean: 0.00
IFS-NEMO-ER Std: 0.57 · Mean: 0.00
ICON-ESM-ER Std: 0.41 · Mean: -0.00

North Atlantic Oscillation — Spatial Pattern

North Atlantic Oscillation — Spatial Pattern
Variables psl
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Variance Explained: 0.33
IFS-NEMO-ER Variance Explained: 0.35
ICON-ESM-ER Variance Explained: 0.27
ERA5 Variance Explained: 0.35

North Atlantic Oscillation — Seasonal Variance Profile

North Atlantic Oscillation — Seasonal Variance Profile
Variables psl
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Peak Month: 2.00 · Peak Std: 1.56 · Annual Std: 1.00
IFS-NEMO-ER Peak Month: 2.00 · Peak Std: 1.61 · Annual Std: 1.00
ICON-ESM-ER Peak Month: 11.00 · Peak Std: 1.28 · Annual Std: 1.00

North Atlantic Oscillation — Power Spectrum

North Atlantic Oscillation — Power Spectrum
Variables psl
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1980–2014

North Atlantic Oscillation — Index Time Series

North Atlantic Oscillation — Index Time Series
Variables psl
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Std: 1.00 · Mean: -0.00
IFS-NEMO-ER Std: 1.00 · Mean: 0.00
ICON-ESM-ER Std: 1.00 · Mean: 0.00

Pacific Decadal Oscillation — Spatial Pattern

Pacific Decadal Oscillation — Spatial Pattern
Variables tos
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ESA_CCI
Units K
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Variance Explained: 0.14
IFS-NEMO-ER Variance Explained: 0.12
ICON-ESM-ER Variance Explained: 0.13
ERA5 Variance Explained: 0.19

Pacific Decadal Oscillation — Seasonal Variance Profile

Pacific Decadal Oscillation — Seasonal Variance Profile
Variables tos
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ESA_CCI
Units K
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Peak Month: 7.00 · Peak Std: 1.44 · Annual Std: 1.00
IFS-NEMO-ER Peak Month: 7.00 · Peak Std: 1.38 · Annual Std: 1.00
ICON-ESM-ER Peak Month: 8.00 · Peak Std: 1.22 · Annual Std: 1.00

Pacific Decadal Oscillation — Power Spectrum

Pacific Decadal Oscillation — Power Spectrum
Variables tos
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ESA_CCI
Units K
Period 1980–2014

Pacific Decadal Oscillation — Index Time Series

Pacific Decadal Oscillation — Index Time Series
Variables tos
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ESA_CCI
Units K
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Std: 1.00 · Mean: -0.00
IFS-NEMO-ER Std: 1.00 · Mean: -0.00
ICON-ESM-ER Std: 1.00 · Mean: 0.00

Quasi-Biennial Oscillation — Spatial Pattern

Quasi-Biennial Oscillation — Spatial Pattern
Variables ua
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s
Period 1980–2014

Quasi-Biennial Oscillation — Seasonal Variance Profile

Quasi-Biennial Oscillation — Seasonal Variance Profile
Variables ua
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Peak Month: 6.00 · Peak Std: 6.22 · Annual Std: 4.55
IFS-NEMO-ER Peak Month: 6.00 · Peak Std: 7.04 · Annual Std: 5.30
ICON-ESM-ER Peak Month: 9.00 · Peak Std: 1.29 · Annual Std: 0.88

Quasi-Biennial Oscillation — Power Spectrum

Quasi-Biennial Oscillation — Power Spectrum
Variables ua
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s
Period 1980–2014

Quasi-Biennial Oscillation — Index Time Series

Quasi-Biennial Oscillation — Index Time Series
Variables ua
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Std: 4.55 · Mean: -0.00
IFS-NEMO-ER Std: 5.30 · Mean: 0.00
ICON-ESM-ER Std: 0.88 · Mean: 0.00

Southern Annular Mode — Spatial Pattern

Southern Annular Mode — Spatial Pattern
Variables psl
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Variance Explained: 0.37
IFS-NEMO-ER Variance Explained: 0.30
ICON-ESM-ER Variance Explained: 0.25
ERA5 Variance Explained: 0.27

Southern Annular Mode — Seasonal Variance Profile

Southern Annular Mode — Seasonal Variance Profile
Variables psl
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Peak Month: 12.00 · Peak Std: 1.33 · Annual Std: 1.00
IFS-NEMO-ER Peak Month: 8.00 · Peak Std: 1.38 · Annual Std: 1.00
ICON-ESM-ER Peak Month: 8.00 · Peak Std: 1.35 · Annual Std: 1.00

Southern Annular Mode — Power Spectrum

Southern Annular Mode — Power Spectrum
Variables psl
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1980–2014

Southern Annular Mode — Index Time Series

Southern Annular Mode — Index Time Series
Variables psl
Models IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1980–2014
IFS-FESOM2-SR Std: 1.00 · Mean: 0.00
IFS-NEMO-ER Std: 1.00 · Mean: 0.00
ICON-ESM-ER Std: 1.00 · Mean: 0.00