Evaluation Climate Variability (ERA5) CMIP6
CMIP6 Multi-Model Mean Context
Comparison with CMIP6 ensemble mean from 11 members.
Contributing models: ACCESS-ESM1-5, AWI-CM-1-1-MR, CNRM-CM6-1, CNRM-ESM2-1, EC-Earth3, FGOALS-g3, GISS-E2-1-G, INM-CM5-0, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, MRI-ESM2-0
Total Cloud Cover — Variability (STD)
| Variables | clt |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | % |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 7.59 · Diff Gmean: 0.24 · Rmse: 1.21 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 7.39 · Diff Gmean: 0.04 · Rmse: 1.00 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 6.38 · Diff Gmean: -0.96 · Rmse: 2.03 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 8.13 · Diff Gmean: 0.78 · Rmse: 1.28 |
Total Cloud Cover — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | clt |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | % |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 7.59 · Diff Gmean: 0.24 · Rmse: 1.21 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 7.39 · Diff Gmean: 0.04 · Rmse: 1.00 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 6.38 · Diff Gmean: -0.96 · Rmse: 2.03 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 8.13 · Diff Gmean: 0.78 · Rmse: 1.28 |
Surface Latent Heat Flux — Variability (STD)
| Variables | hfls |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 14.69 · Diff Gmean: 0.80 · Rmse: 3.34 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 14.02 · Diff Gmean: 0.12 · Rmse: 2.94 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 13.14 · Diff Gmean: -0.75 · Rmse: 5.09 |
Surface Latent Heat Flux — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | hfls |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 14.69 · Diff Gmean: 0.80 · Rmse: 3.34 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 14.02 · Diff Gmean: 0.12 · Rmse: 2.94 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 13.14 · Diff Gmean: -0.75 · Rmse: 5.09 |
Surface Sensible Heat Flux — Variability (STD)
| Variables | hfss |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 6.45 · Diff Gmean: 0.49 · Rmse: 2.48 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 6.57 · Diff Gmean: 0.61 · Rmse: 2.50 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 6.74 · Diff Gmean: 0.79 · Rmse: 3.43 |
Surface Sensible Heat Flux — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | hfss |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 6.45 · Diff Gmean: 0.49 · Rmse: 2.48 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 6.57 · Diff Gmean: 0.61 · Rmse: 2.50 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 6.74 · Diff Gmean: 0.79 · Rmse: 3.43 |
Total Precipitation Rate — Variability (STD)
| Variables | pr |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | kg/m2/s |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: -0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
Total Precipitation Rate — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | pr |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | kg/m2/s |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: -0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
Mean Sea Level Pressure — Variability (STD)
| Variables | psl |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | Pa |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 239.35 · Diff Gmean: 3.56 · Rmse: 24.18 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 239.05 · Diff Gmean: 3.26 · Rmse: 19.96 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 228.37 · Diff Gmean: -7.41 · Rmse: 32.64 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 249.90 · Diff Gmean: 14.19 · Rmse: 26.38 |
Mean Sea Level Pressure — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | psl |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | Pa |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 239.35 · Diff Gmean: 3.56 · Rmse: 24.18 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 239.05 · Diff Gmean: 3.26 · Rmse: 19.96 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 228.37 · Diff Gmean: -7.41 · Rmse: 32.64 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 249.90 · Diff Gmean: 14.19 · Rmse: 26.38 |
Surface Downwelling Longwave — Variability (STD)
| Variables | rlds |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 7.48 · Diff Gmean: 0.31 · Rmse: 1.11 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 7.31 · Diff Gmean: 0.14 · Rmse: 0.99 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 6.72 · Diff Gmean: -0.45 · Rmse: 1.74 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 8.11 · Diff Gmean: 0.94 · Rmse: 1.34 |
Surface Downwelling Longwave — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | rlds |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 7.48 · Diff Gmean: 0.31 · Rmse: 1.11 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 7.31 · Diff Gmean: 0.14 · Rmse: 0.99 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 6.72 · Diff Gmean: -0.45 · Rmse: 1.74 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 8.11 · Diff Gmean: 0.94 · Rmse: 1.34 |
Surface Downwelling Shortwave — Variability (STD)
| Variables | rsds |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 12.40 · Diff Gmean: 0.49 · Rmse: 2.25 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 12.30 · Diff Gmean: 0.40 · Rmse: 1.94 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 11.38 · Diff Gmean: -0.53 · Rmse: 3.33 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 13.97 · Diff Gmean: 2.07 · Rmse: 2.88 |
Surface Downwelling Shortwave — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | rsds |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 12.40 · Diff Gmean: 0.49 · Rmse: 2.25 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 12.30 · Diff Gmean: 0.40 · Rmse: 1.94 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 11.38 · Diff Gmean: -0.53 · Rmse: 3.33 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 13.97 · Diff Gmean: 2.07 · Rmse: 2.88 |
2m Temperature — Variability (STD)
| Variables | tas |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | K |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 1.04 · Diff Gmean: 0.06 · Rmse: 0.21 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 1.02 · Diff Gmean: 0.05 · Rmse: 0.22 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 0.95 · Diff Gmean: -0.02 · Rmse: 0.28 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 1.05 · Diff Gmean: 0.08 · Rmse: 0.18 |
2m Temperature — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | tas |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | K |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 1.04 · Diff Gmean: 0.06 · Rmse: 0.21 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 1.02 · Diff Gmean: 0.05 · Rmse: 0.22 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 0.95 · Diff Gmean: -0.02 · Rmse: 0.28 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 1.05 · Diff Gmean: 0.08 · Rmse: 0.18 |
10m U Wind — Variability (STD)
| Variables | uas |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | m/s |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 1.22 · Diff Gmean: 0.03 · Rmse: 0.19 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 1.20 · Diff Gmean: -0.00 · Rmse: 0.15 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 1.21 · Diff Gmean: 0.02 · Rmse: 0.29 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 1.27 · Diff Gmean: 0.08 · Rmse: 0.19 |
10m U Wind — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | uas |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | m/s |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 1.22 · Diff Gmean: 0.03 · Rmse: 0.19 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 1.20 · Diff Gmean: -0.00 · Rmse: 0.15 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 1.21 · Diff Gmean: 0.02 · Rmse: 0.29 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 1.27 · Diff Gmean: 0.08 · Rmse: 0.19 |
10m V Wind — Variability (STD)
| Variables | vas |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | m/s |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 0.95 · Diff Gmean: 0.02 · Rmse: 0.12 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 0.94 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.10 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 0.99 · Diff Gmean: 0.05 · Rmse: 0.19 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 1.01 · Diff Gmean: 0.07 · Rmse: 0.15 |
10m V Wind — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | vas |
|---|---|
| Models | IFS-FESOM2-SR, IFS-NEMO-ER, ICON-ESM-ER, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | m/s |
| Period | 1980–2014 |
| IFS-FESOM2-SR | Std Gmean: 0.95 · Diff Gmean: 0.02 · Rmse: 0.12 |
| IFS-NEMO-ER | Std Gmean: 0.94 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.10 |
| ICON-ESM-ER | Std Gmean: 0.99 · Diff Gmean: 0.05 · Rmse: 0.19 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 1.01 · Diff Gmean: 0.07 · Rmse: 0.15 |